Hinduism refers to a religious mainstream which evolved organically and spread over a large territory marked by significant ethnic and cultural diversity. This mainstream evolved both by innovation from within, and by assimilation of external traditions or cults into the Hindu fold. The result is an enormous variety of religious traditions, ranging from innumerable small, unsophisticated cults to major religious movements with millions of adherents spread over the entire subcontinent.

This diversity within Hinduism has given rise to a rich tapestry of beliefs, rituals, and philosophies that coexist harmoniously. Despite regional and cultural differences, the underlying essence of Hindu thought remains the same — the quest for spiritual realization and the understanding of the divine presence in all beings. Over time, this spiritual tradition has shaped India’s art, literature, and social values, leaving a profound influence on the cultural identity of the subcontinent.